DEFINITIONS Galungan and Kuningan


The word "Galungan" comes from Old Javanese language, which means win or fight. Galungan also synonymous with dungulan, which also means victory. Therefore in Java, called his eleventh Wuku Wuku Galungan, while in Bali the eleventh Wuku called Wuku Dungulan. His name is different, but it means the same thing. Just as in Java in the details there as Legi pancawara while in Bali called Umanis, which means the same: sweet.

Kinda hard to make sure how the origins of this Galungan. When was actually celebrated Galungan first time in Indonesia, especially in Java and in other areas, especially in Bali. Drs. I Gusti Agung Gede Putra (former Director General of the Hindu and Buddhist Guidance Ministry of Religious Affairs) estimates, has long been celebrated Galungan Hindus in Indonesia before the popular holiday celebrated on the island of Bali. This allegation is based on Old Javanese language ejection named Song of Bannerman Amalat Rasmi. However, exactly when it celebrated Galungan outside Bali and whether the same name Galungan, remained unanswered, for sure.

But in Bali, there are sources that provide a bright spot. According to the Purana Bali ejection Dwipa, Galungan was first celebrated on Purnama Kapat, Buddhist Kliwon Dungulan, Saka year 804 AD or 882 years. In the ejection was mentioned:

If Galungan Punang aci ngawit, Ma, Ka, Dungulan Sasih kacatur, dated 15, isaka 804. Build senses Buwana ikang Bali Rajya.

Meaning:
Celebration (ceremony) that Galungan first is on Wednesday Kliwon, (Wuku) Dungulan Sasih kapat date 15, 804 years of Saka. Bali Things like Indra Loka.

Since then Galungan continue celebrated by Hindus in Bali are hilarious. After Galungan is celebrated for about three centuries, was suddenly - who knows what the basic consideration - in the year 1103 Saka holiday celebration was stopped. It happened when the King of Sri Ekajaya holding the reins of government. Galungan have not celebrated when the King held the reins of government of Sri Dhanadi. During Galungan not celebrated, said the disaster came without ceasing. Age royal officials said to be relatively short.

When Sri Dhanadi King died and was replaced in Sri Jayakasunu Saka 1126, then celebrated Galungan again, after a more or less forgotten for 23 years. This information can be seen in palm Sri Jayakasunu. In the ejection told that the King of Sri Jayakasunu wonder why the king and the king's officials had always been short-lived. To find out the cause, the King of Sri Jayakasunu held initiation and samadhi at the famous Bali Dewa Sraya term - meaning closer to the gods. Sraya gods were made in the Pura Dalem Puri, not far from the Pura Besakih. Because of his sincerity to initiation, the King of Sri Jayakasunu get pawisik or "religious whisper" of the Goddess Durgha, sakti of Siva. In the Goddess Durgha pawisik explained to the king that his ancestors are always short lived because no longer celebrate Galungan. Therefore Durgha Dewi Sri ask the king to return to celebrate Jayakasunu Galungan every Wednesday Kliwon Dungulan accordance with the tradition that never applies. In addition, also recommended that all Hindus installed penjor Galungan Penampahan day (the day before Galungan). It is also mentioned, the main core of the celebration of Galungan Penampahan is conducting the ceremony byakala which aims to release the negative forces (Buta Kala) of the human self and the environment. Since the King of Sri Jayakasunu get religious whisper it, Galungan celebrated again with the wisdom and festive by Hindus in Bali.

Philosophical meaning of Galungan

Galungan is a sacred ceremony that gives spiritual strength to be able to distinguish between life force coming from and where the adharma budhi atma is the voice of truth (dharma) in humans.

It also gives the ability to discern trends keraksasaan (sampad asuras) and orientation sainthood (sampad god). It must be realized that life is happy or ananda life has the ability to master the trend keraksasaan.

Galungan is also one of the Hindu religious ceremony to remind people ritually and spiritually in order to always win the Goddess Sampad to uphold dharma against adharma. In the palm Sunarigama, Galungan and details of the ceremony explained in detail. About the meaning of the ejection Sunarigama Galungan described as follows:

Buddhist Kliwon Dungulan hearing Galungan patitis ikang janyana samadhi, girder byapaning sarwa apadang maryakena eyelash

Meaning:

Wednesday Kliwon Galungan Dungulan name, point to a spiritual one in order to get a clear view to eliminate all the confusion of mind.

Thus, the core Galungan is to unite the spiritual strength to get the mind and the establishment of the light. Spiritual union and the bright minds here in the form of dharma. While all the chaos that thought (byaparaning eyelash) is adharma form. From the conception of ejection is obtained Sunarigama conclusion that the nature of Galungan is celebrating his dharma nangnya against adharma.

To win the dharma was a series of activities carried out before and after Galungan. Before Galungan is called Sugihan Sugihan Java and Bali. Java word here with Jaba, meaning outside. Java Sugihan Bhuana purify great significance (the earth) outside of the human. Java Sugihan celebrated on Wage Wuku Wrhaspati Breech, six days before Galungan. In ejection Sundarigama mentioned that on the day it is Java Sugihan Pasucian god god kalinggania pamrastista kabeh (Sanctification god, because it was on the purification of all Lord).

Implementation of this ceremony is to clean all the places and ceremonial equipment in their respective holy places. Meanwhile on Friday Kliwon Breech Wuku mentioned: tawulan sports Kalinggania amretista (therefore purify the body each). Therefore Sugihan Bali mentioned purify themselves. Bali word in Sanskrit means the power is within. And that is purified.

In Paing Redite Wuku Dungulan Kala told The Three Wisesa down annoying people. So on that day is recommended anyekung Jnana, means: silencing the mind not to be entered by Butha Galungan. In the ejection was also mentioned nirmalakena (people whose minds are always pure) will not be entered by Butha Galungan.

Pound on Monday called Penyajaan Galungan Dungulan. On this day people who know about yoga and samadhi worship. In the palm is mentioned, "the ngamong yoga Pangastawaning samadhi." On the day of Wage Wuku Dungulan Anggara mentioned Penampahan Galungan. On this day regarded as a day to beat the Butha Galungan with the main ceremony to make banten byakala called pamyakala lara melaradan. Most of the people on this day slaughter pigs as an animal sacrifice. But the real meaning is to this day should kill the animal nature that is in itself.

Thus the sequence that preceded the ceremony Galungan. After the holiday is on Thursday Galungan Wuku Dungulan Umanis called Sweet Galungan. On this day people remember how beautiful the victory of dharma. The people in general piaskan symbolizes joy by visiting places of entertainment, especially the beautiful panorama. Also while visiting relatives skylark.

The next day was Saturday Dungulan Pound called Guru Pemaridan day. On this day, symbolized the gods returned to heaven and leave the gift of healthy living kadirghayusaan longevity. On this day people are encouraged to offer cymbal and matirta gocara meraka. Barmakna ceremony, people enjoy waranugraha Dewata.

On Friday called on Wage Penampahan Brass Brass. The ejection is not mentioned Sundarigama ceremony should take place. Only recommended spiritual activities mentioned in the palm Sapuhakena malaning jnyana (remove the impurities of mind). The next day, Saturday Kliwon called Brass. In Sundarigama ejection mentioned, the ceremony to offer the offerings on this day should be carried out in the morning and deliver to avoid past noon ceremony. Why? Since the middle of the day the gods and the god Pitara "told" go back to Swarga (maring mwah god Swarga nut).

Thus the meaning of Galungan and Kuningan in terms of implementation of the ceremony.

Galungan various

Although Galungan was called "Rerahinan Gumi" means all people must perform, there are also differences in the celebrations. Based on literature sources and traditions ejection had walked over the centuries have known the existence of three types of Galungan: Galungan (with no-frills), Galungan Galungan Nara Nadi and prey. The explanation is as follows:

Galungan

Is the feast day which shall be conducted by the Hindus to celebrate the victory of dharma against adharma. Based on the information mentioned Sundarigama ejection "Buda Kliwon Dungulan Galungan hearing." That is, Galungan is celebrated every Wednesday Kliwon Dungulan Wuku. So it was celebrated Galungan, every 210 days since the base used to calculate Galungan is Panca Wara, Wara and Wuku Sapta. If Panca Waranya Kliwon, Sapta Waranya Wednesday, and wukunya Dungulan, during the third meeting it is called Galungan.

Galungan Nadi

Galungan first celebrated by the Hindus in Bali by Bali Dwipa ejection Purana is the Galungan Nadi Galungan that fell on Sasih Kapat (Kartika) 15 (full) year 804 Saka (882 AD) or in October.

Mentioned in the palm, that the island of Bali when it was first celebrated Galungan like Indra Loka. This indicates how meriahnya Galungan celebration at that time. The difference with ordinary Galungan is in terms of size and kemeriahannya ceremony. It is a tradition among the Hindus that if the religious ceremony that was held to coincide with the full moon, they will do more festive ceremony. For example ngotonin ceremony or ritual based on Wuku birthday, if they coincide with the full moon to do with the main ceremony that more and more lively. In addition because there is a belief that it was full moon day is a blessed day by the Lord Ketu Trance brilliance. Ketu means light (as opposed to what he said was meant dark Rau). Therefore Galungan, which coincided with the full moon is called Galungan Nadi. Galungan this vein that comes very rarely more than once every 10 years.

Nara Galungan Prey

Nara Galungan fall prey coincided with Tilem Sasih Kapitu or Sasih Kesanga. Sundarigama ejection mentioned in the following:

"Yan Galungan toward Sasih Kapitu, Tilem Galungan, mwang Sasih Kesanga, red 9, tenggek 9, Galungan Nara Prey hearing."

Meaning:

If Wuku Dungulan Sasih Kapitu coincided with, and if Galungannya Tilem coincided with red Kesanga Sasih 9, tenggek 9, Galungan Nara Prey name.

In Trance ejection Swamandala Aji no mention about the same thing as follows:

Lord Nihan Dalem ring ring dina pamalan wong Bali, Poma elingakna lali haywa. Kapitu Sasih tekaning Yan, anemu Wuku ring Dungulan Galungan mwang Tilem ika, tan wong authorities ngegalung Baline, Kala Rau mengkana yan ngaranya. Tan kawasa mabanten cone. Mwah Sasih anemu Kesanga yan, red 9 tenggek 9, single kalawan Sasih Kapitu, yes mengaba gering sigug hearing. Mecaru authorities wong Baline caru pabanten ika, rice, taro maoran chopped, tan yan anuhut Dalem ring ring Lord yanya Manurung, hope ta sira kapereg denira Balagadabah.

Meaning:

This is the Lord guide the Pura Dalem (about) dirty day (bad day) for humans, may not forget, remember. When you arrive to coincide with Kapitu Sasih Wuku Dungulan and Tilem, Galungan day that should not celebrate Galungan, Kala Rau name, if such offerings are not allowed to offer that contains the cone. And if coincides with a red Kasanga Sasih 9, tenggek 9 tantamount to Sasih kapitu. Not good, carrying the disease. People should conduct the ceremony caru caru offerings, it was sweet rice mixed with chopped taro. If the Lord does not follow the instructions at Temple Within (meaning if violated) you will be attacked by Balagadabah.

Thus two sources of palm reading the Old Javanese language describes Nara Galungan prey. In Sundarigama ejection mentioned that on the day's prey Nara Galungan mentioned "god Mauneb bhuta down" which means, God closed (but) Bhutakala present. This means Galungan Nara Galungan Prey is a giant, flesh-eating humans. Therefore, in the day's prey Nara Galungan no ceremony was held in particular properly Galungan not deliver to the offering "cone Galungan". Nara Galungan prey on people instead encouraged to offer caru, in the form of rice mixed with chopped taro.

Thus understanding Nara Galungan Prey. Galungan Palaksanaan ceremony in Bali are usually illustrated with stories Mayadanawa described at length in USANA Balinese palm as a symbol, the battle between aharma against adharma. Dharma is represented as the god Indra is represented by adharma while Mayadanawa. Mayadanawa described as a king who does not believe in the existence of God and not believe in the primacy of religious ceremonies.

Galungan in India

Hindu feast day to remind people of the struggle between dharma against adharma also performed by Hindus in India. Even more likely, parayaan Galungan holiday in Indonesia or reconstructed inspiration from the celebration ceremony of Wijaya Dasami in India. This can be seen from the word "Wijaya" (Sanskrit) is synonymous with the word "Galungan" in Old Javanese. The second word means "victory".

Hari Raya Wijaya Dasami in India is also "Dasara festivals". Core Wijaya Dasami festival also conducted ten days as Galungan and Kuningan. Before the peak of the celebration, during the nine nights there Hindu ritual called Nawa Ratri (meaning nine nights). Nawa Ratri ceremony was conducted with a ceremony that was solemn prayers led by the priest in people's homes. Nawa Ratri more menekankankan spiritual values as the basis for the struggle against adharma. On the tenth day is celebrated acting Wijaya Dasami or Dasara. Wijaya Dasami more emphasis on a sense of togetherness, excitement and splendor to society at large.

Celebration Wijaya Dasami is celebrated twice a year with the calculation of Surya. Performed in celebration of Kartika (October) and Waisaka month (April). Dasara celebrations in the month of April Waisaka or Durgha also called Nawa Ratri. Durgha Nawa Ratri is a celebration for the victory of dharma against adharma with stories illustrating the victory goddess Parvati (Goddess Durgha) Durgha giants beat the hide in the body of a giant bull Mahasura is very powerful. Because of the goddess Parvati won, then given the nickname Goddess Durgha. Goddess Durgha in India described a very beautiful goddess riding a lion. Also believed to be the goddess of love and very powerful. Understanding the magic in India is strong, has a high capacity. Kasaktian real affection highest value. In contrast to in Bali. The word magic is often interpreted as forbidding connotes strength, scary, very scary.

Durgha Nawa Ratri celebration is a struggle to reach the people of God's love. The gift of God's love is the greatest gift of value. To counter the first adharma Gain God's gift of God's love. It is God's love is the most powerful weapon against adharma.

While the ceremony Wijaya Dasami in the month Kartika (October) is called Rama Nawa Ratri. In the worship of Rama Nawa Ratri addressed to Sri Rama as Avatara of Vishnu. For nine nights the people hold religious activities more emphasis on the spiritual weight to gain spiritual victory and control, desires malignancy. On the tenth day or the day of Dasara, people celebrate Wijaya Dasami or the tenth day of victory. On this day, the city became crowded. Everywhere, people sell the arrows as a symbol kenenangan. Generally people make ogoh-ogoh form of Ravana, Kumbhakarna or Surphanaka. Ogoh-ogoh was great and being paraded around the high troop. In the general field performance prepared in which some people have chosen to demonstrate the character of Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Anoman.

The peak of the struggle of dharma is the attractions of Sri Rama shot an arrow at the stage that had been prepared previously. Arrow was arranged so that it ogoh-ogoh Ravana arrows hit Sri Rama, ogoh-ogoh were burned and people immediately cheered penontonpun romping. People who demonstrate themselves as Sri Rama, Sita, Lakshman and Anoman got tremendous respect from the Hindu community who attended religious attractions. Children busy-busy-archery arrows bought for their pride adharma defeat.

If we refer to the meaning of the holiday Wijaya Dasami held twice a year ie in April (Waisaka) and in October (Kartika) are two significant celebration for the love of God. Compassion is a "magic" or human power to defeat the mighty mighty adharma. Meanwhile, in October, aimed at Kartika worship Sri Rama. Sri Rama is a god Vishnu Avatara Pengayoman or dharma protectors. So it can be concluded that the purpose of the philosophy of the holiday Wijaya Dasami is getting the love and protection of God. Love and protection that is a force to be achieved by Man to win the dharma. The victory of dharma is to guarantee a happy life physically and spiritually.

Victory or dharma inner and outer bow is a need adharma everyday life. If such spiritual needs can we make happen every time then that's life as a desirable life for everyone. In order for people not to forget it every Buddhist Kliwon Dungulan, people are reminded by the holiday berdemensi Galungan and spiritual rituals.